How to write a histopathological Report-For Beginners
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Types of Immunity
Immunity: Resistance offered by host against the micro organisms/Foreign substance Types: 1.Innate immunity: Present right from birth; Respond to microbial antigens shared by multiple microbes Components: 1.Anatomical barriers 2.Physiological barriers 3.Phagocytes 4.NK cells 5.Mast cells 6.Dendritic cells 7.Complement pathway (Alternate pathway and Mannose Pathway) 8.Fever and inflammatory response 9.Cytokines-TNF,Interleukins(IL 1,IL 6,IL 8,IL 12,IL 16,IL 18),IFN alpha,beta,TGF beta 10.Acute phase reactant proteins 2.Adaptive/Acquired immunity : Resistance against infecting foreign substance that an individual acquires /adapts during his life Types: (i) Active: Produced actively by host immune respone Infection(Natural) Vaccination(Artificial) Long Lasting Lag phase present Memory present
Warthin Tumor
Warthin tumor Definition "Warthin tumor, also known as adenolymphoma or papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, is composed of bilayered oncocytic and basaloid epithelium forming cystic structures, papillae, and glands accompanied by a dense lymphoid stroma." -Fletcher "Warthin's tumor is an adenoma in which bilayered columnar and basaloid oncocytic epithelia form multiple cysts that havenumerous papillations; it is accompanied by a proliferation of follicle-containing lymphoid tissue." -Ellis Synonyms: Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum-describes the histological features Adenolymphoma-misnomer as it could be confused with malignancy History: It was first reported by Hildebrad in 1895 as a form of lateral cervical cyst variant. Albrechet and Artz, in 1910, termed this tumour as papillary cystadenoma. In 1929, Aldred Scott Warthin’s published two additional cases and called it as Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (PCL). The ter
Adenomotoid odontogenic tumor
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor Terminology and History: Earliest publication of AOT was by Steensland, Dreybladt, James and Forbes, L’Esperance and Stafne in the year 1905 as "epithelioma adamantinum'' According to Philipsen and Reichart, Stafne was the first author to consider AOT as a separate entity. Although, Stafne did not propose a specific term for the lesion, he reported a series of three cases under the title “Epithelial tumours associated with developmental cysts of maxilla" Terminologies used:‘ ‘cystic adamantoma’’, ‘‘adenoameloblastoma’’, ‘‘cystic complex composite odontoma’, “tumor of enamel organ epithelium”, “glandular ameloblastoma” ‘‘ameloblastic adenomatoid tumour’’, ‘‘odontogenic adenomatoid tumour’’, “pseudo-adeno adamantinum” & “pleomorphic adenoma –like tumor” Philipsen and Birn introduced the term adenomatoid odontogenic tumour, to be adopted by the WHO in their ``Histological Typing of Odontogenic Tumours, Jaw Cysts and Allied Lesions'
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Pleomorphic Adenoma: Definition: "Benign neoplasm characterized by dual cell type differentiation and melting of the outer basal/myoepithelial cells into a stroma showing chondromyxoid features.The coexistence of epithelial and mesenchymal elements gives rise to the synonym mixed tumor, but pleomorphic adenoma is now widely accepted as a monoclonal epithelial tumor with divergent differentiation" -Fletcher "Mixed tumor is a benign, epithelial-derived tumor composed of cells that demonstrate both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. The epithelial differentiation manifests as well-formed ductal structures with closely associated nonductal cells that frequently include spindle, round, stellate, plasmacytoid, polygonal, and clear forms. The nonductal element demonstrates varying degrees of myxoid, hyaline, cartilaginous,or osseous differentiation. In the major salivary glands the tumors are usually encapsulated but in the minor glands they usual
